Exam prep instructions
EXAM PREP BLOG INSTRUCTIONS
Each week I will post 5 terms that have been discussed in our course. You are responsible for writing responses for 2 of them (ie. 2 per week). Write your responses as if you were writing the answers for an exam. Post your responses in the comments section under the appropriate term. Please try to have your responses posted before your tutorial begins on Monday/Tuesday.
If you cannot access the comments section to post your response, you must email me and I will send you an invite to the blog.
Participating in this exercise will account for 30% of your final participation grade. I will be posting 5 terms/week over the next 6 weeks, so by posting an adequate response for 2 terms will earn you 5%/week.
If you have any questions, please email me at jhandreae@gmail.com
This exam prep exercise in no way guarantees that all or any of these terms will appear on the final exam. You are responsible for familiarizing yourself will all of the terms relevant to this course.
Reception theory is all about how people receive text. Readers are actively taking in whatever form of media whether it is literature or advertising. Part of reception theory is based on encoding and decoding. Encoding are the people who craft information just so that the reader readily accepts the media. For example, film makers apply elements of film discourse in order to trick the audience into believing their movie is reality. Decoding are the readers, viewers, and listeners who have a specific viewpoint of a presented media.
ReplyDeleteThese viewpoints are dominate, negotiated and oppositional. A dominate viewpoint are the norms of society; the media reinforces traditional or mainstream ways o thinking. Negotiated is when the viewer accepts some concepts of the media but is prone or modifies other aspects. And last but not least is the oppositional viewpoint where the viewer completely rejects the aspects of media, however the viewer is not ignorant. The viewer understands the piece of media and has an alternate frame of reference to contribute.
For example, a person walks into a Chapters, and peruses the American Girl Doll section. They can either feel dominate, negotiated, or an oppositional viewpoint. If they feel opposed to the idea of American Girl Dolls, they should also know why these dolls cause controversy.
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ReplyDeleteReception Theory relates to the ways in which people react to and evaluate texts (this can include news stories, books, films, advertisements, etc.). It should be noted that gender, race and class can come into play when a person is reading and the way in which they respond to particular texts. When discussing Reception Theory, we think of encoding - referring to the authors, filmmakers, producers, etc. who put meanings into a text - and decoding, which refers to the readers, viewers and listeners who evaluate the text and its meanings. There is always a distortion between the person who is encoding and the person who is decoding; this is referred to as a margin of understanding and it is not a transparent process - it is the systematic distortion that arises from our attempts to communicate.
ReplyDeleteWhen decoding, there are three viewpoints a person can take. A dominant/preferred viewpoint is when the reader shares and accepts the ideas, thus reinforcing the dominant/mainstream ways of thinking. A negotiating viewpoint is when the viewer shares and accepts some aspects, but resists or modifies it to fit their beliefs. Finally, an oppositional viewpoint is when the reader is placed in opposition to the text and brings an alternate frame of reference. The reader in this case shares none of the values in the text.
Some of the ideas in Reception Theory can be related to the Stuart Hall article, seeing as how he stated that we as readers tend to be critical of some texts and not of others, and this may relate to our social/cultural background.
Reception theory is related to how readers receive texts, which includes not just literature, but visual culture as well (ex. ads). This theory assumes that the reader is passive and not active. Reception theory includes the ideas of encoding and decoding mass media messages. When one encodes, they put meaning into a text (ex. authors/speakers/film makers/producers). Decoding is what readers, viewers and listeners take from the text. The 'margin of understanding' refers to the gap between the encoding and the decoding.
ReplyDeleteWhen one decodes, one takes one of three standpoints. A dominant view reinforces dominant ideologies and norms, and shares values encoded in the text. A negotiated view shares and accepts some aspects of preferred reading, but resists or modifies it.
Taking an oppositional view means rejecting the text.
Reception theory can be defined as an analysis of the interaction between the reader and the reading. This theory puts more emphasize on the reader by focusing on their interpretation of the reading. The reader will consider their values, opinions, and experiences when consuming the reading. If the reader shares similar values, opinions, or experiences to the author then they are likely to interpret a similar message to what the author intended. However, we learned in this course that there are three general positions a reader can take after reading a piece of work: dominant, negotiated or oppositional.
ReplyDeleteIn relation to the course, we examined the work of Stuart Hall relative to reception theory. Stuart Hall says a text is incomplete until it is read. Essentially, he is saying that the message of a reading will be different from reader to reader. This means that what the author wants us to think and what we actually think (after reading) can be two different things. Stuart also says this theory can be applied to other media forms such as films and TV shows, not just literary texts. An individual’s interpretation of a work can be influenced by their social position including occupation, values, educational level, and experiences.
Reception theory relates to how readers receive all texts (from essays to books to ads) and looks at the relationship and interaction between the reader and the text. This theory looks at how readers interpret and decode texts. Decoding refers to what the reader or viewer is taking away from the text. Similarly, encoding refers to the meaning that the author, speaker, producer, etc. is putting into the texts. When deciding how to interpret a text a reader will consider their own values, beliefs, prior experiences, and opinions in relation to the text. A reader may take one of three positions in regards to a particular work. They may hold a dominant view, in which a reader accepts all values encoded in the text; a negotiated view, in which the reader may accept some values encoded in the text; or an oppositional view, in which the reader rejects the text completely. We examined reception theory when discussing Stuart Hall who proposed that the reader holds an important role in the meaning of texts because they are the ones who extract the meaning, and this can vary from reader to reader. The social and cultural background can also influence how a reader decodes a text, according to Hall. Hall also suggested that decoding and encoding occurs beyond written texts and can also occur in visual images such as TV and movies. When we viewed our movies for the film discourse assignment we were asked which view we held after watching our film. For example my group, who watched The Usual Suspects found that the twist ending of the film left us with a negotiated view because we were unsure how much of story presented in the film was true.
ReplyDeleteReception Theory is the result of how readers receive and formulate messages and texts. The different shifts interpreted from literature to television, receiving texts, news stories, films, are all different genres that are taken to account when decoding them. Stuart Hall discusses two ways in which we receive data. The author, reader, speaker, filmmaker, producer, put meaning into a text which is encoded. It is the initial intention when creating and developing forms of literature. Readers, viewers, and listeners, all pull out various forms of meaning by decoding that data into their own personal perspectives. Some encoded message may hold a universal view that they intentionally want the reader to identify common between others. Where as, some may reject this message entirely. Stuart Hall breaks down this way of receiving messages through three views. The dominant view which shares the text and accepts the ideas. It is usually considered the mainstream way of thinking. The negotiated view, which is the reader/viewer shares and accepts some aspects, but also contradicts it. And finally, the oppositional view, which places a direct stance on completed rejecting the dominant view and sees a different set of concerns. Each point of view all understands the encoded message, however each have an alternate frame of decoding it. Reception Theory is seen in everyday life as we watch films, read novels, magazine columns, and receive messages from our phone or in everyday conversation between people. Each person's outlook on a message all goes back to their position in the world, and their experiences.
ReplyDeleteBria Barrows -
ReplyDeleteReception theory deals with how audiences interpret media texts, such as movie productions, documentaries, music, and other works. Reception theory focuses on the concept of decoding and encoding in which decoding is the message intended by the producer(s) of works. However, when one encodes a message, he or she has given their own interpretation of what that particular work means.
Stuart Hall, as mentioned in lecture, is the developer of this theory and he regards audiences not as passive, but active consumers. He assigns three roles for the specific views expressed by audiences: Dominant- hegemonic, the negotiated position, and the oppositional position. As expressed in its name, the dominant-hegemonic position is given to those who decode a particular media message in terms of the preferred meanings of the dominant social order. On the other hand, the negotiated position would belong to those who adopt a more contradictory response to media texts. Lastly, the oppositional position belongs to those who acknowledge the dominant interpretations, but rejects the meanings nonetheless.
Estefania Palacios-
ReplyDeleteReception theory strives to explain the way in which a viewer/reader interprets the meanings of the piece of media, written or viewed, based on their individual cultural background and life experiences. The author encodes their message, and the audience can decode it and have one of three views: dominate/preferred, oppositional, or negotiated. Encoding is the process of assimilating the message that the author is trying to convey into the piece of media. The act of decoding is the translation of the decoded message, by the viewer. The viewer may decode the message in the way that the author intended for it to be, and agrees/accepts this meaning, this is a dominate/preferred view. An oppositional view entails the viewer to understand the intended message, but disagrees. Lastly, the viewer may take a negotiated stance, where they understand the message that the author is trying to convey but chooses to modify it to better suit their values and opinions. Take Cuck Palahniuk’s, author of Fight Club, quote as an example; “I would say any behavior that is not status quo is interpreted as insanity, when in fact, it might actually be enlightenment. Insanity is sorta in the eye of the beholder.” This quote can be interpreted differently depending on the life experiences of the reader. For example, this quote would convey a dominate view to the doctors and nurses at the mental hospital in Girl, Interrupted that it would to the patients whom would have more of a negotiated view.
Reception theory is interpreted as the way that different individuals respond and react to text. This also includes visual representations and it emphasizes the encoding and decoding of messages within a certain text or, piece of literature or media. Encoding refers to the method in which an author incorporates a certain message within a certain medium. The viewer of that medium then decodes the message with their own unique interpretation. For example, a director of a movie may try to enforce a certain message within the medium and the viewers of that movie then interpret the movie in their own way and decode their own view of what they believe the director intended. Certain viewers may agree with the movies messages while others completely refuse to accept it. The remaining individuals accept certain messages in the medium while disagreeing with others. Stuart Hall is responsible for developing this theory. The viewer interprets the medium based on their cultural background, upbringing and life experiences. There three types of views are negotiated, dominant/preferred and oppositional. The negotiated position refers to those that accept certain ideas that are decoded while rejecting others. The dominant position refers to those that decode a message that is a norm in society. The oppositional position completely rejects the decoded message.
ReplyDeleteReception Theory is made to empower readers and to specialize how readers understand readings and account for our own readings. It’s essentially the interaction between the reader and the text and how it’s interpreted. Reception Theory also involves Encoding & Decoding in the sense that everyone sees and hear things differently like a game of broken telephone, everything is interpreted differently. The writer or filmmaker is the encoder and the reader is the decoder. Stuart Hall explains that everyone’s receptors are different and it isn’t uncommon for people to share different interpretations of one thing, whether it be an image or sound. For example there was the black and blue dress controversy where people would see a gold and white dress instead. I’ve first handedly experienced seeing both, first seeing a blue and black dress at first and then being exposed to a tv screen for an hour I saw white and gold afterwards. Reception theory is all about perspectives and interpretations and how they differentiate.
ReplyDeleteReception Theory is the process of how a reader makes sense of a piece of text. This could also incorporate how viewers see still images and film. It is possible a reader could be relating the text to his past experiences, letting his past influence how he reads and relates his current text to the applicable events going on in his life. A tool used in reception theory , as suggested by Stuart Hall, is encoding and decoding. According to this theory there are three way the reading can decode the authors message. He can have a dominant view, a oppositional view or a negotiated view. A dominant view is when the reader understands the authors objective of writing and he agrees with the message. An oppositional view is when the reader understands the views of the author but does not agree with his statements. A negotiated view is when the reader understands the points the author is trying to make and agrees with some of them , but still finds some flaws and changes up some of the ideas of the writing.
ReplyDeleteReception theory can be defined as the ways in which an individual receives a text. The text is not simply limited to novels or articles but also ranges out and covers movies, television shows and other things of the sort. Each individual will have a unique outlook towards a text because things like ones class, gender and race all contribute to how an individual receives a text. Another element of reception theory deals with encoding and decoding. Encoding can be defined as an author placing meaning within a text while decoding refers to the readers, or viewers drawing the authors meaning out of the text. While an individual decodes a text there are three positions that individual may take. The first is a dominant stance which is when an individual completely agrees with the text. The second is negotiating which is agreeing with some principles of the text but not all. Lastly, an oppositional stance refers to an individual not agreeing with anything the author is saying. Stuart Hall believed that in order for a text to be complete, there needs to be a decoder who takes one of these positions
ReplyDeleteReception theory refers to the way that readers, viewers, or listeners receive and perceive texts of any kind, including those related to media. Reception theory can be related to the Stuart Hall text viewed in the course. He outlines how we interpret meaning, through the processes of encoding and decoding of information. First, the author or producer encodes data into a text or a piece of media with the intention of it being interpreted. Then readers or viewers decode the initial encoded data and interpret it. Readers/viewers decode data depending on their life experiences and perspective. When decoding data, the reader or viewer can take three perspectives: a dominant position, a negotiated position, and an oppositional position. Holding a dominant position is when you decode data the way that mass audiences are interpreting it. Holding a negotiated position is when you hold a view that challenges or opposes the dominant encoded message. Holding an oppositional position is when you acknowledge the dominant encoded message but still disagree with it and dispute it.
ReplyDeleteReception theory explores how people receive texts and react to them. Originating from ideas of Hans-Robert Jauss and then further developed by Stuart Hall, reception theory looks at passive and active readers, and encoded and decoded messages that can be found in all kinds of texts. Passive readers are those who accept what is o the surface of a text and do not attempt to analyse it further. Active readers of a text do the opposite and investigate the encoded meanings that were intentionally included by the makers of the text and decoded meanings that can be slightly hidden and sometimes unintentional. Once one has established their opinion on a given text, their opinion can either be classified as dominant, negotiable, or oppositional. Simply, a dominant position agrees with the text, a negotiable position partially agrees and an oppositional position fully disagrees and is able to justify with reasons why they disagree.
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